The White Indentured Servants

In the 17th century the white indentured servants and black slaves were pretty much the same in everything but skin color. They cooperated in bacons rebellion in which the black slaves and white indentured servants worked together for a common cause. The slaves and indentured servants worked together to end the poverty and discontent of the people who had no land in Virginia. This was the first rebellion in the American colonies that frontiers men took part in.It was the force of about a thousand Virginians that rose up in arms against Virginia governor William Berkley. This is because he refused to attack the Native Americans in retaliation for the natives attacking the poor frontiers men. Though it is believed it was bacons move against Governor William Berkley and his favoritism of certain members of the court. After Berkley refused to retaliate against the Native Americans who attacked the western frontiers men they took it into their own hands. They gathered around at the report of a new raiding party.They when and killed the some of the Native Americans and their families including some of the friendly Pamukey Indians. Nathanial Bacon criticized Governor William Berkley rule as one of unfair tax hikes, appointing friends in positions of power and failing to protect frontier settlers from native attacks. Then there were months of conflict for Bacons small army until he pulled a very bold and risky move. Bacons small army moved to Jamestown, the capital of Virginia, the burned Jamestown to the ground on September 19, 1676.This sent Governor William Berkley fleeing and also sent Bacons small army retreated across the river. Then before the British navel squadron arrived to help Governor William Berkley and his forces Nathanial Bacon died from dysentery on October 26, 1676. The rebellion didn’t last long after that. The Effect of this is that it is one of the only times that whites and blacks co operated in rebellion until the civil war. This also effe ctively removed William Berkley as governor.

Matching Leadership Style to a Situation Essay

MATCHING LEADERSHIP TO A SITUATION Leadership Styles Choosing the Right Style for the Situation From Mahatma Gandhi and Winston Churchill to Martin Luther King and Steve Jobs, there can seem to be as many ways to lead people as there are leaders. Fortunately, businesspeople and psychologists have developed useful, simple ways to describe the main styles of leadership. By understanding these styles and their impact, you can develop your own approach to leadership and become a more effective leader and school head as well. We’ll look at common leadership styles in this article, and we’ll explore situations where these styles may be effective with your people. (Note: The leadership styles in this article are based on several core leadership frameworks.) Adapting Your Approach to Leadership Leadership is not â€Å"one size fits all† thing; often, you must adapt your style to fit a situation or a specific group. This is why it’s useful to gain a thorough understanding of other leadership styles; after all, the more approaches you’re familiar with, the more tools you’ll be able to use to lead effectively. Let’s take a deeper look at some of the leadership styles that you can use. 1. Transactional Leadership This leadership style starts with the idea that team members agree to obey their leader when they accept a job. The â€Å"transaction† usually involves the organization paying team members in return for their effort and compliance. The leader has a right to â€Å"punish† team members if their work doesn’t meet an appropriate standard. Although this might sound controlling and paternalistic, transactional  leadership offers some benefits. For one, this leadership style clarifies everyone’s roles and responsibilities. Another benefit is that, because transactional leadership judges team members on performance, people who are ambitious or who are motivated by external rewards – including compensation – often thrive. The downside of this leadership style is that team members can do little to improve their job satisfaction. It can feel stifling, and it can lead to high staff turnover. Transactional leadership is really a type of management, not a true leadership style, because the focus is on short-term tasks. It has serious limitations for knowledge-based or creative work. However, it can be effective in other situations. 2. Autocratic Leadership Autocratic leadership is an extreme form of transactional leadership, where leaders have complete power over their people. Staff and team members have little opportunity to make suggestions, even if these would be in the team’s or the organization’s best interest. The benefit of autocratic leadership is that it’s incredibly efficient. Decisions are made quickly, and work gets done. The downside is that most people resent being treated this way. Therefore, autocratic leadership often leads to high levels of absenteeism and high staff turnover. However, the style can be effective for some routine and unskilled jobs: in these situations, the advantages of control may outweigh the disadvantages. Autocratic leadership is often best used in crises, when decisions must be made quickly and without dissent. For instance, the military often uses an autocratic leadership style; top commanders are responsible for quickly making complex decisions, which allows troops to focus their attention and energy on performing their allotted tasks and missions. 3. Bureaucratic Leadership Bureaucratic leaders work â€Å"by the book.† They follow rules rigorously, and ensure that their people follow procedures precisely. This is an appropriate leadership style for work involving serious safety risks (such as working with machinery, with toxic substances, or at dangerous heights) or where large sums of money are involved. Bureaucratic leadership is also useful in organizations where employees do routine tasks (as in manufacturing). The downside of this leadership style is that it’s ineffective in teams and organizations that rely on flexibility, creativity, or innovation. Much of the time, bureaucratic leaders achieve their position because of their ability to conform to and uphold rules, not because of their qualifications or expertise. This can cause resentment when team members don’t value their expertise or advice. 4. Charismatic Leadership/ Pace-setting Leadership A charismatic leadership style can resemble transformational leadership because these leaders inspire enthusiasm in their teams and are energetic in motivating others to move forward. This excitement and commitment from teams is an enormous benefit. The difference between charismatic leaders and transformational leaders lies in their intention. Transformational leaders want to transform their teams and organizations. Charismatic leaders are often focused on themselves, and may not want to change anything. The downside to charismatic leaders is that they can believe more in themselves than in their teams. This can create the risk that a project or even an entire organization might collapse if the leader leaves. A charismatic leader might believe that she can do no wrong, even when others are warning her about the path she’s on; this feeling of invincibility can ruin a team or an organization. Also, in the followers’ eyes, success is directly connected to the presence of the charismatic leader. As such, charismatic leadership carries great responsibility, and it needs a long-term commitment from the leader. 5. Democratic/Participative Leadership Democratic leaders make the final decisions, but they include team members in the decision-making process. They encourage creativity, and team members are often highly engaged in projects and decisions. There are many benefits of democratic leadership. Team members tend to have high job satisfaction and are productive because they’re more involved in decisions. This style also helps develop people’s skills. Team members feel in control of their destiny, so they’re motivated to work hard by more than just a financial reward. Because participation takes time, this approach can slow decision-making, but the result is often good. The approach can be most suitable when working as a team is essential, and when quality is more important than efficiency or productivity. The downside of democratic leadership is that it can often hinder situations where speed or efficiency is essential. For instance, during a crisis, a team can waste valuable time gathering people’s input. Another downside is that some team members might not have the knowledge or expertise to provide high quality input. 6. Laissez-Faire Leadership This French phrase means â€Å"leave it be,† and it describes leaders who allow their people to work on their own. This type of leadership can also occur naturally, when managers don’t have sufficient control over their work and their people. Laissez-faire leaders may give their teams complete freedom to do their work and set their own deadlines. They provide team support with resources and advice, if needed, but otherwise don’t get involved. This leadership style can be effective if the leader monitors performance and gives feedback to team members regularly. It is most likely to be effective when individual team members are experienced, skilled, self-starters. The  main benefit of laissez-faire leadership is that giving team members so much autonomy can lead to high job satisfaction and increased productivity. The downside is that it can be damaging if team members don’t manage their time well or if they don’t have the knowledge, skills, or motivation to do their work effectively. 7. Task-Oriented Leadership Task-oriented leaders focus only on getting the job done and can be autocratic. They actively define the work and the roles required, put structures in place, and plan, organize, and monitor work. These leaders also perform other key tasks, such as creating and maintaining standards for performance. The benefit of task-oriented leadership is that it ensures that deadlines are met, and it’s especially useful for team members who don’t manage their time well. However, because task-oriented leaders don’t tend to think much about their team’s well-being, this approach can suffer many of the flaws of autocratic leadership, including causing motivation and retention problems. 8. People-Oriented/Relations-Oriented Leadership With people-oriented leadership, leaders are totally focused on organizing, supporting, and developing the people on their teams. This is a participatory style and tends to encourage good teamwork and creative collaboration. This is the opposite of task-oriented leadership. People-oriented leaders treat everyone on the team equally. They’re friendly and approachable, they pay attention to the welfare of everyone in the group, and they make themselves available whenever team members need help or advice. The benefit of this leadership style is that people-oriented leaders create teams that everyone wants to be part of. Team members are often more productive and willing to take risks, because they know that the leader will  provide support if they need it. The downside is that some leaders can take this approach too far; they may put the development of their team above tasks or project directives. 9. Servant Leadership This term, created by Robert Greenleaf in the 1970s, describes a leader often not formally recognized as such. When someone at any level within an organization leads simply by meeting the needs of the team, he or she can be described as a â€Å"servant leader.† Servant leaders often lead by example. They have high integrity and lead with generosity. In many ways, servant leadership is a form of democratic leadership because the whole team tends to be involved in decision making. However, servant leaders often â€Å"lead from behind,† preferring to stay out of the limelight and letting their team accept recognition for their hard work. Supporters of the servant leadership model suggest that it’s a good way to move ahead in a world where values are increasingly important, and where servant leaders can achieve power because of their values, ideals, and ethics. This is an approach that can help to create a positive corporate culture and can lead to high morale among team members. However, other people believe that in competitive leadership situations, people who practice servant leadership can find themselves left behind by leaders using other leadership styles. This leadership style also takes time to apply correctly: it’s ill-suited in situations where you have to make quick decisions or meet tight deadlines. Although you can use servant leadership in many situations, it’s often most practical in politics, or in positions where leaders are elected to serve a team, committee, organization, or community. 10. Transformational Leadership/Visionary Leadership Transformational leaders are inspiring because they expect the best from everyone on their team as well as themselves. This leads to high  productivity and engagement from everyone in their team. The downside of transformational leadership is that while the leader’s enthusiasm is passed onto the team, he or she can need to be supported by â€Å"detail people.† That’s why, in many organizations, both transactional and transformational leadership styles are useful. Transactional leaders (or managers) ensure that routine work is done reliably, while transformational leaders look after initiatives that add new value. It’s also important to use other leadership styles when necessary – this will depend on the people you’re leading and the situation that you’re in. Conclusion: Three factors that influence which leadership style to use 1.The school head’s personal background: †¢What personality, knowledge, values, ethics, and experiences does the school head have? †¢What does he or she think will work? 2.Teachers being supervised: Teachers with different personalities and backgrounds; The leadership style used will vary depending upon the individual teacher and what he or she will respond best to. 3.The organization: The traditions, values, philosophy, school vision and mission, concerns of the organization and all situational factors influence how a school head acts No one style of leadership fits all situations. All situations are different. What you do in one situation will not always work in another. There are many leadership styles from which to choose. Different styles were needed for different situations and each leader needed to know when to exhibit a particular approach so it helps to have an understanding of other styles. A leader must use his or her judgment to decide the best course of action and the leadership style needed for each situation. For example you may need to confront a teacher for inappropriate behavior, but the confrontation is too late or too early, too harsh or too weak, then the results may prove ineffective. By learning about the pros and cons of each style, one can adapt an approach to a situation. Also note that the situation normally has a greater effect on a leader’s action than his or  her traits. This is because while traits may have an impressive stability over a period of time, they have little consistency across situations. As a school head he or she must be a Task-oriented Leader to perform best in situations of high and low control, and a Relationship-oriented Leader to perform best in moderate control situations. Behavior is a mirror in which Everyone shows his image.

Civilian in Space

I can only imagine what it would be like traveling to space. It is not something I sit around and think about doing. Those who had the pleasures of going to space, like the astronauts, are those who had been preparing for such a career. This does not make me want to go to space, going to space Is like dying and going to the other side, you just do not know what to expect. Science tells us that space Is like a never ending hole. This sounds a little creepy, but space really Is not all that scary, It Is quite amazing actually.Science tells us that space Is a galaxy with many stars, planets, and rocks. However, I am against civilians In space because clansman are Inexperienced and the cost can become extremely high. If It takes astronauts years to train In order to travel to space, what chances do a Cleveland has? The story, â€Å"Clansman In Space,† states, â€Å"Traveling beyond Earth has been a privilege for a select few, namely, astronauts. † Civilians must be more qua lified than the average astronaut. They must understand the dynamics and velocity of space.In case of an emergency, would a civilian know what to do? The story â€Å"Civilians in Space† gives many fascinating examples like: it is an â€Å"Amazing Experience,† and â€Å"The view of Earth and the stars must be spectacular, and the experience of living in zero gravity would be fascinating. † Equally important to training is the cost of civilians traveling to space. The cost to traveling back and forth to space ranges in the billions, according to the story, â€Å"Civilians in Space. † This money comes from â€Å"Corporate Sponsorship.When civilians lack the knowledge, danger is expected, the story states, â€Å"There are many unknown risks involved. † Then there is the matter of insurance. Car insurance here, on earth, is extremely high; can you imagine the cost of insurance to go to space. In the story, â€Å"Civilians in Space† it states â⠂¬Å"Companies that specialize in manufacturing travel, marketing, insurance, law, and finance would all have to be involved. † The most important point in the story that expresses a major point of view is how Problems like poverty and disease† should be a priority over taking me into space.All in all, space traveling should be left to the experts. Traveling in space is ministering. However, it is not like going to the mall, Movie Theater, out to dinner, or to Disney World. It is not all about the basic that fascinates civilians to want to travel to space, but about trained experts that can cope with any surprises at any given moment. Civilian in Space By abominating make me want to go to space, going to space is like dying and going to the other side, o Just do not know what to expect.Science tells us that space is like a never ending hole. This sounds a little creepy, but space really is not all that scary, it is quite amazing actually. Science tells us that space is a galaxy with many stars, planets, and rocks. However, I am against civilians in space because civilians are inexperienced and the cost can become extremely high. If it takes astronauts years to train in order to travel to space, what chances do a civilian has? The story, â€Å"Civilians in Space,†

The First World War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The First World War - Research Paper Example e various occurrences culminated to this occurrence of this war, it is the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 who was the heir to Austria-Hungary throne in Sarajevo, Bosnia that eventually prompted the occurrence of the war (Gilbert 2008). The First World War involved the great powers of the world at that time. Mainly, there were two alliances that were involved: the Triple Alliance or the Central Powers who included Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Germany; and the Allies who comprised of Russia, France, and the United Kingdom (De Groot 2000). The war paved way for a number of economic and political changes. In order to have a better understanding of the First World War, this paper will discuss the war in general, the key people that were involved, significant events of the war, technological advances during the war, the advantages and disadvantages of the war, as well as the positive things that came out of the war. The First World War occurred in a span of four years and involved many nations as well as key people. The first notable figure was Herbert Asquith who was the Britain’s Prime Minister at the time when the nation entered into the war (Strachan 2005). During this time he struggled to unite the nation but he was unsuccessful and he eventually bowed out of the Prime Minister position. The second key figure was the then Imperial Germany Chancellor, Bethmann Hollweg; he tried to tear apart the Triple Alliance of Russia, France, and Britain. However, his efforts were unsuccessful because he lacked the support of other Germans. It should be noted that he had unsuccessfully attempted to calm the international events prior to the start of the war (Robbins 2002). General Aleksey Brusilov is the other key figure of the First World War; he was the Russian commander during the war and he significantly contributed to success in 1914 in Galicia. He is considered one of the successful people by the standards of the war as he was able to capture

The Student Motor Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Student Motor Company - Case Study Example Additionally, each and every individual’s personal moral principles and values also count. Social responsibility on the other hand is the obligation a business has as it aims at maximizing the positive impact of its activities and minimizing the negative impact its operation has on the society in general. Top level management in business today realize that ethical issues can no longer be applied in the context of administrative rules and regulations that must be adhered to and followed by everyone like in the past, it is indeed more than that. Ethics has transformed to become very crucial in determining the success of business with the heightened level of competition (Saviour, Nwachukwu, Faye & James 110). The ethical dilemma of The Student Motor Company The stakeholders of The Student Motor Company from the case study are the customers of the automobiles, the government regulators who come up with the numerous regulations managing the operations of the company and the industr y, various interest groups and the public in addition to each and every individual’s personal moral principles and values. ... Additionally, tests conducted on the automobile reveal that Zinger does not meet emission standards with a check on the EPA standards revealing that the need was to meet the requirements at the sale. Numerous studies further indicate that the customers were most likely to realize the fact that the Zinger pollutes beyond EPA standards after driving the automobile for a year or two. The tests results were forwarded to the highest level of the company management by Mr. Technical, a student motor company engineer. Tests conducted by student’s motor showed installation of the fuel tank above as opposed to behind the rear axle made the vehicle pass the 20-mile per hour rear impact test. Despite these concerns, and recommendations being made to the top management of the company, the company still went ahead to produce the Zinger informed by the fact that the automobile met all the applicable federal standards and compared on safety grounds to other similar cars being produced. Inform ed by this, I believe that the management of Student Motor Company is both morally and legally responsible for Mrs. Gray’s burn death. The responsibility of Student Motor Company for the emission standards for the Zinger My firm has both ethical and social responsibility to prevent known failure which may cause death. The firm is ethically responsible to the customers of Zinger, the government regulators and the numerous interest groups with interest on the firm like the shareholders, the suppliers and the employees. the firm are responsible for communicating to the customers any defects on the firms products that maybe detrimental to the health of the customers and

Decision Matrix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decision Matrix - Essay Example Being near to the market makes the new branch accessible to the customer and correspondingly, the high likelihood for it to profit. 2. Near to supplier – the business is a retailer and requires heavy coordination with the retailer. Proximity to supplier will save the business freight cost which is one of its highest overhead. Proximity to supplier also ensures predictability of supplies and shorter delivery period making the company more responsive to the demand of the market. It will also save the company from spoilage and breakage. 4. Convenience of setting up – convenience of setting up includes the availability of building materials, good infrastructure and absence of red tape in the area. These factors could bring unexpected cost to the business and therefore must be absent to make the construction of the new location convenient. The best option among the alternative locations is location 4. It has a total score of 2. It is the best location for the expansion of the new grocery for a variety of reasons. First is its proximity to the customers making the new branch very accessible and therefore ensures volume of grocery shoppers that could translate to sales. Second is its proximity to supplier where it is also the highest at 9. This means that the delivery time is faster at lower cost. In addition, shorter travel time also means less spoilage and breakage translating to less wastage to the company. Set up cost is also reasonable. It is also convenient to construct the business there as regulatory bodies are friendly and materials for construction are readily available. There is also an abundance of highly qualified personnel in the area making Location 4 an ideal place for the expansion of the

The Positive & Negative Effects of Labor Unions on the United States Research Paper

The Positive & Negative Effects of Labor Unions on the United States Economy - Research Paper Example Households that have current union members positively view labor unions as having positive effects on American economy than those with former union members and those who have never been union members. People in different income levels observe that unions have positive effects on members’ benefits, working conditions and salary. On the other hand, the bureau for statistics for US says that households in current unions also believe that unions have a positive impact in workplace and US economy. 48% of union household members agree to this, while 34% of the former union members oppose it. In the US, workers who are members of unions receive more benefits at the cost of those who have no unions. However, it has been discovered that unions are fighting for the rights of member workers, but at the same time trying to reap large bundles of their own benefits. The worst problem is that this reduces the competitiveness of US companies in global markets and consequently the economy (Thomas, John, & Valletta, 2004). The authors further state that the benefits of union workers are derived from bargaining power of the union, monopoly, and the face of collective voice. It is clearly evident that labor unions are mainly good for US workers as opposed to the competitiveness of the economy. A research presented by Bureau of Statistics for US in 2009 shows that the rating in favor of labor unions is 45% and though at a low level, it is an expression of a positive view. The rating for business corporations is 47% which also indicates a favorable impression; drop is about a historic low. The expression of American view of labor union’s effects on wages and working conditions are mixed. 53% of them believe that they positively affect union workers’ benefits and salaries, while 17% argue that they have negative effects. The table below shows the declining

The context of international business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The context of international business - Essay Example The company was founded by Jack Cohen in the year 1919, the number of stores as on April 2012 happens to be 6,351 stores. (Burgemeister, 2003, p. 192). The total revenue of the company happens to be ?64.539 billion as on 2012. The total market share in U.K. is 30.2%. The major global competitors of the company are Walmart, Carrefour, Aldi, Royal Ahold and Metro. Identifying the company’s main drivers of accessing foreign markets using theories of FDI FDI stands for foreign direct investment. There are various theories of FDI like the product life cycle theory, internationalization and eclectic paradigm theory of the OLI frame-work. Among these the internationalization theory has been used to identify the key drives. The internationalization theory states that a company operating in a matured economy needs to expand the horizon beyond the local market to get competitive advantage and economies of scale. In the early 90s Tesco was lagging behind Sainsbury’s as the second largest retailer in the country and the operations of the country was subjected to the U.K. market only. But the global economic reforms couples with the drive to become a global major retailer urged Tesco to enter the global market. The first phase of internationalization begun as Tesco entered Hungary in 1994. Since then there has been no turning back, Of-course there has been certain problems in countries like France, but looking at the overall perspective the results speak for themselves. Today Tesco is largest retailer in U.K. and the third largest retailer in the world right after Wal-Mart and Carrefour. Mainly Tesco is a general merchandise and grocery retailer and operates as following the business to consumer framework. External Environment Analysis External or macro environmental factors are those that cannot be controlled by an organization and yet the modus operand of an organization gets severely affected by the changes or developments in the external environment. The m ain external environmental factors include political, economic, social and technological factors. However, the legal factors are also to be included. Bit, since most of the legal legislatures in a country are developed by the government itself the legal factors are hereby included in the political factors. Here it is to be added that Tesco entered in U.S. in the year 2007. Therefore the PEST analysis has been based on the external environmental situation in 2007 -2008 only (Henry, 2008, p. 89). Political United States has always been a politically stable country. And the governments in U.S. have always welcomed business investments from both local and international firms. Many specialists have tagged U.S. as a very stable political country irrespective of the political regime. Probably due to such attitude of the political leaders of the country the country has become one of the strongest economies in the world. As mentioned earlier as far the legislative system goes the country as mentioned has a business friendly legal environment welcoming investments. Legal and Regulatory reforms in the 1970s actually resulted in de-regulation in various sectors and enhanced competition and efficiency.

Enzymology Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Enzymology - Lab Report Example Enzymes do accelerate reaction rate by more than 1 million g=folds, in that reactions would take a very long time to occur. Appropriate enzymes catalyze in few seconds and there activities, in many cases occur inside the cell, within the membranes of the cell. The rate of reaction when Ph, temperature, time and the substrate are at a constant is determined by the enzyme availability. Effects of enzymes in substrate concentration can be analysed as below. The concentration of enzymes is a factor in determining the rate of reaction. The substrate needs to be present in excess. That is to say that each reaction should be independent of the concentration of the substrate. Any possible change in product amount over a given time period depends upon present enzyme level. A and E reacting leads to B at a constant rate k1, this turns to C and generates E again at a constant rate k2. At that instance, B has the possibility of turning into A and E again at a constant rate k-1. Michaelis-Menten enzymatic catalysis mechanism follows this path. Competitive inhibition has a molecule similar to the present or available substrate but not able to be acted on by those enzymes that compete with them for sites that are active. Fewer active sites readily act on the substrate because of the inhibitor presence. Given the structure of the enzyme is not affected by the enzyme inhibitors; they will still act as catalysts for the reaction. In inhibition that is uncompetitive, molecules tend to bind to enzymes instead of sites that are active. That makes the three dimensional enzyme structures to change in that its site that is active still binds to the substrate in affinity that is usual, though not in the optimal arrangement of stabilizing the rate of transition and in turn catalyzing the reaction. Lineweaver Burk plots are significant in a number of ways. For instance, in the case where it is

Conclusion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conclusion - Assignment Example Since the company is fragmented into independently owned restaurants the company does not utilize a universal human resource framework. One of the HR tools the firm utilizes is strategic integration. The utilization of strategic integration creates consistency in the application of HR practices through the organization. The organization applies a combination of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ human resources approaches. McDonalds is a flexible organization that adapts to the specific market and business condition of the environment. The application of ‘hard’ human resources practices ensures that the each franchise is able to meet its business objectives including achieving a good profit. The ‘soft’ human resource approach within McDonalds is utilized in order to motivate employees and empower them to achieve high levels of performance. McDonalds utilized a combination of both hard and soft HR practices. The adaptability of the company enables to firm to achieve a competitive advantage. As a global organization McDonalds realizes that it is important to attend the needs of all its stakeholders which include the community, environment, and its employees among other groups. The ability of satisfying the stakeholder’s demands has enabled the company gain acceptance from stakeholders groups across most countries in the world. McDonalds is a publicly traded enterprise and one of its primary objectives is to maximize shareholder’s wealth. As we move forward into the second deca de of the 21st century McDonalds will continue to succeed as long as the firm maintains emphasis in the importance of its human

Plagiarism and Academic Integrity Research Paper

Plagiarism and Academic Integrity - Research Paper Example Proper paraphrasing should involve using your own word to express another person’s idea. Nevertheless, you should still acknowledge the original source of the idea through in text citation and in the reference page. However, rearranging word in a statement entails copying someone’s idea, which is equivalents to plagiarizing (Walden University, 2012).   The third thing I learnt about plagiarism is when I am supposed to cite sources. From the weeks readings, I have learnt that I should always cite direct quotes from other peoples work, paraphrased or summarized ideas, statistical information, when not sure if a certain concept require citation and whenever I make use of any source that contains someone else idea (City College of San Francisco , 2011; Prentice Hall Companion, 2011). This knowledge is crucial and will enable me to indicate the original source of information I may use in my own writing always. This is crucial since it will enable me build my academic integrity and avoid mishaps such as cancelation of assignments. Acknowledging other people’s ideas will enable me to become a responsible student since I will be recognizing the people who have played a role in my learning. Academic integrity is important because it helps in development of honesty and responsible. Academic integrity means being able to respect other people’s work by being able to distinguish my ideas and acknowledging those of others. Academic integrity helps in establishment of dignity between the students, instructors and the entire institution. Additionally, academic integrity enables creation of an environment when students are able to triumph out of their own efforts (Walden University, 2012).   An institution that emboldens academic integrity enables the students to develop their own philosophies. Instructors are able to identify the students input into a piece of work when they acknowledge other

Treatment options for blood clots Essay Example for Free

Treatment options for blood clots Essay The option in treating blood clots is a case to case basis whether the clot has developed in an artery or a vein and creates stroke or heart attack. During emergencies, thrombolytic treatments-clot busters- may possibly used to suspend the blood clot. These treatments are applied to some selected patients in accordance to an extensive protocol. In order to be efficient, they are provided no less than one hour of the heart attack or in three hours of the stroke. Thrombolytics are normally applied when there are huge clots which cause severe and life-threatening signs. These can create abrupt and unexpected bleeding. There are many invasive methods that can also be used. One of these is the catheter-directed thrombolysis. It is a method which the catheter proc\vides thrombolytic enzymes straight to the blood clot. Throughout this process, greater enzymes’ concentrations could be utilized and may possibly have lesser side effects compared when the enzymes are supplied subcutaneously no less than two days. Thrombolytic method is followed by a treatment that has anticoagulants to stop more blood clots from formation. Anticoagulants could be advised to patients that have great risk of a blood clot. Researchers are really trying very hard to different catheter-based procedures to cure stroke rapidly. One of the experimental procedures which included is the use of a tiny â€Å"corkscrew† device which rapidly reverses the injury created by a stroke. The said device is directed to where the blood clot is; where it removes the obstruction. Another procedure depends on a special laser catheter which utilizes light energy to suspend rapidly the blood clot. These latest therapies can be accessible to a patient that cannot bear clot-busting drugs (see â€Å"Treatment options for blood. † Blood Clot, HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006). Furthermore, when a blood clot develops in a leg vein, there is a risk that a pulmonary embolism will form. A pulmonary embolism may possibly be a life-threatening in which blood clots break away from its location and passes through the bloodstream and stay in one of the blood vessels of the lungs. To avoid and stop a pulmonary embolism, the present blood clots in the legs may cured with a mixture of heat, thrombolytics, painkilling treatments, elevation of the injured area to lessen swelling and anticoagulants. This procedure relies on the clot’s size and the seriousness of any current symptoms. When a patient does not react to anticoagulants, the physicians will decide for a process which uses a catheter having a special device named as vena cava filter. The vena cava filter is inserted in the large vein which transports blood from the legs up to the heart and lungs (vena cava). Additionally, the vena cava filter is a kind of a device which catches blood clots within the vein before the blood clots are permitted to reach the lungs. However, there are several danger related with vena cava filters which comprise failure of the filter in terms of time and blood clots created by means of it. Many researchers really work on in improving the vena cava filters which can be withdrawn right after the medication of pulmonary embolism. There are researches that substantiated and confirmed that treatment in a longer period of time along with a low-does anticoagulant drugs aids in stopping the presence of blood clots amongst those patients who have background of vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (see â€Å"Treatment options for blood. † Blood Clot, HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006). C. 2 Diagnosis methods There are several ways on how to diagnose blood clots. It starts with a medical background and physical test. When there is suspension of clot, several of examinations are utilized to substantiate the diagnosis and these include Doppler ultrasound, CAT scan and MRI: *Doppler ultrasound pertains to an imaging technology which utilizes sound or motion waves to give visual images of the structure and of several blood vessels and organs in our body (see â€Å"Diagnosis methods for blood clots†. Blood clots, HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006).   CAT scan refers to computer axial tomography. It is an examination which utilizes a number of x-rays which got from different sides in order to give a computerized three-dimensional image of a body shape (see â€Å"Diagnosis methods for blood clots†. Blood clots, HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006). MRI means magnetic resonance imaging which is a noninvasive examination that utilizes magnetic fields to give high-resolution cross- sectional or three-dimensional visual images of the aimed surface (see â€Å"Diagnosis methods for blood clots†.Blood clots, HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006). References 1. â€Å"Thrombus†. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. October 11, 2006. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Blood_clot 2. â€Å"Blood Clotting†. June 4, 2005. http://users. rcn. com/jkimball. ma. ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Clotting. html 3. â€Å"Blood Clots†. HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006. http://heart. healthcentersonline. com/bloodclot/bloodclots. cfm 4. â€Å"The Biology of Blood Clots†. Mayo Clinic’s Online Research Magazine. 2006.http://discoverysedge. mayo. edu/vascular_biology/ 5. â€Å"How do blood clots form? March 11, 2004. http://www. innohepusa. com/corporateweb/innohepus/home. nsf/Content/Howdoclotsform. 6. â€Å"Treatment options for blood. † Blood Clot, HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006. http://heart. healthcentersonline. com/bloodclot/bloodclots7. cfm 7. â€Å"Diagnosis methods for blood clots†. Blood clots, HeartCenterOnline. May 9, 2006. http://heart. healthcentersonline. com/bloodclot/bloodclots6. cfm.

Assess The Role Of Key Stakeholder Commerce Essay

Assess The Role Of Key Stakeholder Commerce Essay BUPA was established in 1947 by the combination of a quantity of provident not for profit associations, subsequent the creation of the NHS. BUPA stands for the British United Provident Association the name itself explains it. The brightness of those well meaning people forming the NHS that the UKs total healthcare requirements could be centrally given proved to be ill founded and the 1970s and 1980s saw the PMI industry grow rapidly in size, with BUPA predominant. An organization is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, controls its own performance, and has a boundary separating it from its environment. Stakeholders are all those people of organisation that have a stake in the intervention. Government Customers Community Shareholders Board of directors Management Employees Source adapted from freeman et al managerial model, hieratical view -managing for stakeholder The evaluation of primary stakeholders must include a determination of their direct relationship to health care Group; specifically, their influence on development as well as the organisation objective in its relationship with them. Managing stakeholders is a very important part of Health care organizational success. Primary stakeholders include the Health care Group board of directors, senior managers, functional managers, patient, employees and shareholders; just to name a few. A correct evaluation of stakeholders will determine levels of authority, responsibility, influence their ability to determine if that influence is negative or positive, their strengths and weaknesses, stakeholder strategy and risk tolerance. This evaluation will provide the information needed to prioritize the needs and wants of the stakeholders in order to meet their expectations. Factors that will impact on the organisation and its vision: Market Analysis Macro Environment-PESTEL Political: Ever since in 1985 the introduction of Medibank, there has been a decrease in the number of private healthcare insurance. In order to stop the declining rates, the government stepped in they offered 38 registered health insurers the option to all citizens for private funding of their medical treatments. This allows private health insurance to subsidies full or partial medical fees in either private or public hospitals. With the help of the government, insurers would slowly see an increase in the publics interest to buy private health insurance . Economic: As customers are getting more highly educated and this leads to highly paid jobs. There is a trend that as their personal income increases, so does the private insurance coverage. Therefore insurance companies like Bupa should customise premium polices for the high income individuals and yet have policies that are value for money catered to the lower income group. Socio cultural: The new generation of UK are moving towards a more health conscious lifestyle. They are more concern about their diet and their overall wellbeing. As medical technology advances, so does the cost of medical coverage increases. This makes UK more interested to buy health and life insurance so as to lessen their financial burdens. Technological: Technological advances has not just let to information to be widely and readily available, it has also been constantly shaping our lives. It helps to improve our way of communication and increases the number of communication channels that companies could use to connect with their target audiences. Companies also benefit from improving technology as it helps to speeds up processes and cut cost (Kotler et al., 2009). Therefore insurance companies like Bupa UK are able to reach out to their target audience through new media like the website, Facebook and Twitter. Environmental: One environmental problem that would affect the insurance industry is when there is a natural disaster. The government had to step in to allow insurers who may not be able to meet their regular standards to come up with suitable solutions to respond to their customers with compassion and professionalism Create a vision for an organisation A vision facilitates goal setting and planning. Creating a vision to help direct the change effort and developing strategies for achieving that idea. Vision is a common statement about the direction of health care wishes to take and the needed end outcome once it gets there. It stands for an aim that is driven by and evokes passion. Vision might or might not be successful. A vision is useless unless it is implemented. The organisation should have plans or strategy to implement the vision. It depends on whether everything else happens according to a firms strategy. It provides a fundamental report of a company values, aspirations and goals. It may contain a slogan, diagram or picture. When building a vision it is significant to believe simplicity. While a vision must clearly present assured key values in defining and the relating organization, it must not be so difficult that it is complex to communicate. The most important difficulty often related with vision statements is that they are wide, hoping to cover entire factors of the organisation or health care principles and values. These visions end up being complex to communicate to staffs, consumers and clients. Vision statements must be clear and brief. Finally, approval of a vision statement by those concerned cannot occur unless the completely recognize it. A good mission must address each principal theme and must communicate why an organisation is special and different. A firms mission may change when competitive situation radically modify or the firm is faced with new threats or opportunities. Mission statement and objectives should be: Measurable: that is able to measure progress Specific: Gives a clear communication as to what requirements to be accomplished. Appropriate: be consistent with the vision of the organisation. Realistic: should be a reachable target given the organisations opportunities and capabilities in the environment. Timely: needs a time frame for accomplishing the objective. Its mission statement mentions that people come first after all people have created this empathetic persona that BUPA illustrates in its key objectives which was planned to give more services than the NHS system in Britain presented. It has supported itself as having no shareholders and existing only for its members. Primarily, BUPA was a UK health insurance provider, contribution policies to business, individuals, and other organisations. BUPA is a brand truly guided by its mission statement: Taking care of the lives in our hands. Its well-defined values guide its business and brand behaviour. 1.4 Determine the strategic direction for an organisation: Strategic direction is the strategy utilized by a management which recognizes the direction it aim to framework and the move for action by which it aim to get there, Stone (2010). The HR manager plays an important role in connecting the company most important of human resource to the strategic direction of the company and does so throughout the employ of strategic HRM practices and policies. Strategic direction is the direction in which an organisation intends to aim for through the use of a strategy which establishes the framework for actions involved in achieving competitive advantage for the organisation and its stakeholders. According to Chung et al (2008) wrote that an organisations strategy must be appropriate for its resources, environmental circumstances, and core objectives and the processes involved must match the companys strategic advantage to the business environment as current to the organisation. By doing so the organisation will achieve one of its corporate strategy o bjective, this will hold them in a position to effectively and efficiently carry out the organisations mission and objectives. Chung et al 2008 states that an organisations strategic focus will be determined by which of the three types of strategy be it prospector, defender or analyser it places the most emphasis on. So what responsibility do SHRM play in the strategic direction of a company. 2.1 Analyse methods to communicate the vision to engage and inspire others within the organisation: Organizations include establishing it to be supportive to ask every efficient area to identify how they contribute to achieving the entire strategic plan (efficient area selecting whatever natural units are real in the organization-functions, geographies, business units, etc.). Armed with the operational definitions, strategic map, and the entire company performance measures it strategic, each efficient area builds their own map of achievement and describes their own specific performance measures. Threats in the present and future market were identified by using the SWOT assessment process. How the competition is situated comparative to the opportunities for development that have been recognized, and how are they situated comparative to the companys strengths and weaknesses. Through this information, company may confirm their strategy by creating a mission statement, explaining the vision, and recognizing their competitive advantages. The strategy will need a clear consistent message for the communication. It is a perfect time for the management to operationally describe every critical area of the plan to make sure commitment and agreement. Important stakeholders have to include in the development. Requesting their effort is often a valuable aide in implementation. 2.2 Build support for the vision within the organisation An effective change strategy and vision will recognize the areas of change, afford clear and realistic targets for measuring achievement, and request to the durable interests of organizational stakeholders. The change strategy and vision provide the organization how the opportunity looks like after the alteration is implemented. It needs to communicate the organizational stakeholders why they have to work hard, let go of the past, and sacrifice in the current and in future follow the senior leadership. In the future it generates an appealing and sensible picture, and it gives guidance for decision-making for organization. Appealing and Sensible are significant. Employees and managers particularly will desire to identify that the planned change is feasible and desirable. If both are missing, they will not squeeze the change. It is not in staffs and top level management best interests to create the essential sacrifices now for a future that is worse than the present. Top management and the conducing coalition should improve a compelling message that will communicate employees and managers that the future is an enviable place to go. The support of strategic intent linkage is to ensure the career development, performance management and reward systems must be reviewed 2.3 Communicating the vision to external stakeholders Stakeholder report the routine communication with the internal and external members and partners was most important to keep stakeholder focussed on the success of the health care initiative. To communicate the vision, health care leader need to follow different strategies, including discussion and presentation and interagency meetings and using websites, newsletter, internal and external e-mail communication. Leader need to share the community the initiatives vision at community functions and meeting. Leader opted to communicate their messages regarding the new strategic direction multiple times through various channels. 3.2 Vision can be embedded within the organisation Inspired by our tradition, Health care will be renowned by an insistent focus on clinical and service results as we seek to make excellence in the care experience. Healthcare will become the important trusted health partner for life. The important Vision focuses on: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A dedication to our finding purpose of health care to strengthen à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ An importance on giving a personal care experience in our Organization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The significance of creating trusting relationships with all of our constituencies: patients, associates, physicians and communities The Strategy Design For an organization the strategy design is one way that will be able to plan and fulfil its vision. According to Distelzweig and Clark (2008) the best way is to have a section of the strategic formulation that deals with preliminary layout of the detailed paths in order for the organization to realize the goal and complete its vision and mission. The four major elements step involves: the determination of the required culture, classification of strategic thrusts to pursue, identification of the major lines of business (LOBs), and establishment of critical success indicators (CSIs). Moreover, they defined that a line of business is an activity that produces both significantly different services and products or that are geared towards various markets. While in view the accumulation of a new line of business, it must be based on active core competencies of the company, its possible contribution to the bottom line, and its fit with the company value system 3.3 Translate the vision into organisational objectives to set the strategic direction. Leader at organisation levels are need to set the direction for action by their constituent units, contents and the nature of these directions changes qualitatively at various levels. At the top of the organisation, leader direction making generally takes the form of improving a board, long-term and often ambiguous vision. Top managers translate this vision into more specific organisational strategies and propagate them to unit at lower organisational level. Our vision is greater respect, less poverty, and better care. Healthcare management are impatient to do in good health and hold ourselves responsible for continuous improvement in the services we provide. The Vision and Mission Formulation The mission and vision formulation is linked as the foundation of the entire plan. The planning process is actually laid upon the vision and mission formulation thereby making this part of the process the generally important aspect of the plan. According to Swayne, Duncan and Ginter, (2008) assert that a vision is a statement that identifies and defines an organizations goals and aspirations and how the organization can accomplish these goals and aspirations in the future. A vision functions to offer an organisation with directionality, justification and quantification of resources, stress management, motivation, standards, enhancement of professional growth, and succession planning. As point out by Porrus and Collins (1996), that well-conceived vision includes two important components: the envisioned future and a core ideology. The strategic outcomes of a well created vision include the endurance of the company, vitality through the alignment of the individual employees, the focus on productive effort, and the company as a complete, and, ultimately, success. Once vision is implemented upon agreement, it is time to move on to the creation of a mission statement Distelzweig and Clark (2008), states that an explicit mission statement ensures the unanimity of purpose, provides the basis for resource allocation, guides organizational culture and climate, facilitates accountability, establishes organizational boundaries, and facilitates control of time, performance and cost . When creating a statement for mission, it is important that it states six particular elements, including the basic product or service, primary market(s), employee orientation, principle technologies, customer orientation, and standards of quality. Through all of these elements integrated, a mission statement must still remain memorable and short. The statement of mission as follows: Mission We serve together for the Health Distelzweig and Clark (2008) mentioned that there are other diverse functions of a mission statement such as setting the bounds for improvement of an organisation philosophy, justifying business operations; values, aspirations, and priorities; creating a positive public image; and provide a corporate uniqueness for external and internal stakeholders. The developing conception is that understanding and identification of the needs and wants of stakeholders is important to strategic management. In health care there are various different organisation levels. As there are various stakeholders in organisation it is considered one of the most important measures when the success is assessed. In health care the social values and identification of the resources that act as a token for social values are significant in determining the success or failure of the plan. Our Health care has a well crafted vision that meets all the above criteria. 3.4 Outline the strategic planning process for an organisation: Our healthcare looks for the poor and underserved as a particular centre. It is those without income of their own who required us generally. Through our health care and our persistent advocacy looks to serve the underserved and poor of our communities. We look to concern not only for their urgent requirements but also to change the structures that keep them in inhumane conditions and unhealthy environments. Every administrator needs to have a strong skill of analyzing how the business is supposed to be executed, especially if they are to go by strategic planning process. The analysis processes makes it easy for the administrator to know the strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities and thereby making it imperative to plan wisely and draft a strong strategic management plan. The implementation plan is somewhat complicated and yet it is loaded with vital details of successful leadership. The strategic planning requires a fair allocation of basic resources. This could be a fourth component, but it is intertwined in the three phase process. The allocation of limited capital resources is perhaps one of the most difficult decisions health care administrators have to make. The need for new equipment, renovations and maintenance and the demand for new service lines and facilities all come with merit. In order to win, there needs to be a determination as to which appeal will engender t he good returns for the health care. In order to succeed on the strategies, Healthcare is faced with integrating strategic and financial planning in order to operate in the best way as a health care organization that is fiscally responsible. It has put in place an accurate vision of their community and the needs and wants of their customers before started the costly project of a new facility. The plans will need to be reviewed and be updated with new goals and objectives on regular basis to determine if the organization is remaining on track or is able to meet the projections set annually. This helps the healthcare to seize all opportunities and stand strong in dealing with threats and weaknesses.

Computer System: Concepts, Functions and Types

Computer System: Concepts, Functions and Types Before getting into the detail, it is essential to understand the concept of Computer System. Computer System is a general purpose device which can be programmed to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operation can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problems. In this assignment I will work on the following four different phases. Each phase will cover the related content in detail. In the first part we will understand the function of computer system. In this part, I will discuss the role of computer system in different environments. Hardware, software and peripheral components of a computer system. Comparing different types of computer system. The second learning outcome is be able to design computer system in this I will produce a system design specification to meet the clients need. Then I will evaluate the suitability of a system design specification. Third learning outcome is be able to build and configure computer system. I this will build and configure a computer system to meet a design specification, then it will be test and document a computer system. Fourth learning outcome is be able to undertake routine maintenance on computer system. In this I will discuss performing routine maintenance tasks on a computer system and upgrade the hardware and software on a computer system. In this assignment, each issue process would be discussed in detail to understand the basic concept. LEARNING OUTCOME # 01 THE ROLE OF COMPUTER SYSTEM IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMETS In this modern day computer system is used everywhere, example at Home, Business, Networking, Real-time, Communication. At home the computer is used for normal works like for searching information on internet, playing games and etc, for that we dont require a high speed computer. In business computer plays a big role, all business there is a finance department, the main activities of the finance department is to record all the business transaction, to control the finance cash flow and etc , for that the need a computer. The Networking is all about computers, For Networking computer is important. Without computer, Networking is impossible and we cannot share resources (i.e. files, videos, sounds, pictures, etc) and communication between two or more people will not be possible. For Networking we need at least 2 computers. We use computer system in Real-time. Real-time is a process in which people can communicate without any deadline. We can share our videos and etc. Sometimes people use computer as a TV. We can access to live information from a television station through a computer. Real-time can also refer to event simulated by a computer at same speed that they would occur in real life. Communication is now done worldwide using computer system. Today most of the computers are capable of communication, like we can send a message, documents, picture and etc to our friend on the other side of the planet. An instant messenger program allows two different computers to converse by typing in text or they can even voice chat with each other. THE HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, AND PERIPHERALS COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM HARDWARE: Hardware consists of physical equipments of the computer. The components Hardware are power supply, motherboard, expansion Cards, hard disk and etc. A power supply unit converts alternating current electric power to low-voltage DC power for internal components of the computer. Motherboard is the main component inside the CPU. it is a large rectangular board with integrated circuitry that connects the other parts of the computer including the CPU, the RAM, the disk drive and etc. Expansion card in computing is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard or backplane to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus. Hard disk is a device for storing and retrieving digital information, primarily computer data. It consists of one or more rigid rapidly rotating discs, coated with magnetic material and with magnetic heads arranged to write data to the surfaces and read it from them. SOFTWARE: Software is a collection of computer programs and related data that provides the instruction for telling a computer what to do and how do it. There are 3 types of software: System software, Programming software and Application software. System software is computer software designed to operate the computer hardware to provide basic functionality and provide platform for running application software. Programming software include tools in the form of programs or applications that software developers use to create, debug, maintain or otherwise support other programs and application. Application software is developed to perform in any task that benefit from computation. It is a set of programs that allows the computer to perform a specific data processing job for the user. PERIPHERAL: Peripheral is a device connected to a host computer, but not part of it, and is more or less dependent on the host. These are input/output devices. Peripherals are: Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Speaker and etc. Keyboard is an input device, which is use to input data by typing. Mouse is a pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface. Monitor is an electronic visual display for computers. The monitor comprises the display device, circuitry, and an enclosure. Speakers are external to a computer that disables the lower fidelity built-in-speaker. They often have a low-power internal amplifier. DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS A computer is a general purpose device which can be programmed to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations. There are different types of computer system: Personal computer, Workstation, Minicomputer, Mainframe and Supercomputer. Personal computer: A personal computer can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user. Workstation: It is a type of computer used for engineering applications, desktop publishing, software development, and other types of application that require a moderate amount of computing power and relatively high quality graphic capabilities. Minicomputer: It is a mid size computer. In general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting from up to 200 users simultaneously. Mainframe: Mainframe computers are powerful computers used primarily by corporate and governmental organizations for critical applications, bulk data processing such as census. In some ways, mainframes are more power than supercomputers because they support more simultaneous programs. Supercomputer: Supercomputer is a board term for one of the fastest computer currently available. Supercomputers are employed for specialized application that requires immense amounts of mathematical calculations. LEARNING OUTCOME # 02 2.1 A SYSETM DESIGN SPECIFICATION TO MEET A CLIENTS NEEDS Kalba College needs new computer for their college. I went to the college n as per my serve I have made a list that how many computers are required for the college. So I have found out that they need total of 180 computers from which 100 will be for computer lab, 15 will be for male staff room, 15 will be for female staff room and 50 computers will be for graphic designing class. The requirements of the college is that they need more memory capacity to store the work, they want the computers to be fast so that no work is delayed and they need high graphics in the computers so they can for graphic designing. The problem with the current computers running is that the computers dont have enough memory capacity, the speed is very slow and they are not suitable for graphic designing. 2.2 EVALUATE THE SUITABILITY OF A SYSTEM DESIGN SPECIFICATION The computers we have design for the college is HP. The computers we have design are highly upgraded as the requirements of the college. The computers are made with more memory capacity then the before computers so every work is stored properly. In these computers the speed is also increased by installed more GB ram so that every work is done faster. The graphic card which we have installed, which have made the computers better in graphic designing. We also installed a cooling system in every computer so that it stay cool and dont have any problem even if it is used for hours and we also made the backing up option more easier in every computer so there will be no problem in backing up. We also made the security high so that any information is not leaked out and we have installed antivirus in every computer. We are also giving free maintenance for 8 years; if any problem is there with any computer we will fix it or replace the computer. We will compare different computers so u will have a better idea that HP Is better than other computers. HP ACER DELL IBM Hard Disk Drive 2TB 7200 rpm SATA hard disk drive 1TB hard disk drive 1.5TB hard disk drive 1TB hard disk drive Memory 10GB DDR3 Processor Graphic card LEARNING OUTCOME #03 3.1 BUILD AND CONFIGURE A COMPUTER SYSTEM TO MEET A DESIGN SPECIFICATION The steps in configuring a computer system are System installation System configuration System testing System installation: Our case has a slide-out tray, first we have to lay the case on its side. Then screw in the spacer mounts for fixing the motherboard. Insert the CPU socket to do this, raise the small lever at the side of the socket. Then place the processor, all the pins should slide smoothly into the socket. Once the processor in placed lock the lever back down. Dont forget to use thermal paste. Apply the thermal paste to the top of the CPU. This will help to transfer heat from the processor to the cooler. Make sure that the cooler is in the correct position. Clips fix cooler to the socket. Installing the RAM. The RAM must be suitable for the motherboard. Line up the RAM with its slot before installing it. Then, carefully press the module into the slot. Caution is recommended, as too much pressure may damage certain tracks on the motherboard. It is best to push one side down first. Then comes the installation of graphic card, nowadays graphic card are usually fitted in the AGP slot provided specifically for this purpose. The slot are located in the center of the motherboard Before fitting an expansion card, remove the appropriate slot insert from the back panel of the case. After that install the hard drive before that always leave some space above to prevent heat buildup. Then install the CD-ROM drive, it is similar to installing a hard drive, first check that the jumper configuration is correct and then install the CD-ROM in the case, but careful not to over-tighten the screws as excess pressure can damage it. Now its time to connect the cables. The 80-pin ribbon cable is for the hard disk and the 34-pin is for the floppy. Then connect the power supply cables. At last check that all connections are properly, once you have checked then you can start your PC. We will also install all the peripheral which are required for the college. System configuration: First configure Basic input Output System (BIOS) e.g.: clock settings, memory timing, boot order and drive setting. We have done the BIOS setting for all the computers so that there are no problems with the computers. We have installed an anti-virus to protect the computers for any unexpected viruses and we will update the anti-virus whenever updates are available. We have done everything as per your college requirements, we have set the files and folders sharing permission and we have done all the setting for the peripheral devices. 3.2 TEST AND DOCUMENT A COMPUTER SYSTEM System testing: We will test the system to find any fault in it, will check the Power On Self Test (POST) after that we will check the hardware e.g.: input/output devices, peripheral devices and then we will test the software to check if its working properly. LEARNING OUTCOME #04 4.1 PERFORM ROUTINE MANITENANCE TASKS ON A COMPUTER SYSTEM There are two types of Maintenance: Software Maintenance Hardware Maintenance Software Maintenance: We will upgrade the software if any update is available. We will update scheduling maintenance tasks, we will also do clean-up, back-up and we will do maintain other third party utility software e.g.: compression utilities, spyware removal. If there is any software error we will fix it with in 1 day and we will do a monthly maintenance for all the computers. Hardware Maintenance: Upgrade the hardware like installing and configure new peripherals e.g.: printers, scanners and etc. Installing additional or replacement devices e.g.: hard drive, memory, graphic, sound, optical media. We will monthly do the cleaning of the hardware.

Evolution versus Creationism Essay -- Evolution Bible

Evolution versus Creationism Evolution is a theory that’s based on science and more detailed evidence while Creationism is a faith-based theory. In no way is faith, a factor that influences the ideas and theories supported by scientists. As such, you really cannot compare one to the other; you have to just choose which one you believe is true although it is possible to believe in both at the same time. Since the beginning of human life, there has been a single question that has puzzled even the greatest of philosophers and scientists. Humans are, by nature, interested in their past. As a result every civilization through out time has sought to find the origin of life, and answered it to meet their needs. Early civilizations taught that there was a group of gods located on a far off mountain at the edge of the earth. These gods were responsible for everything. Civilizations grew more complex and learned more about the world around them. Soon events that were once looked at as magical or supernatural were explained and proven through logic, mathematical reasoning, and the evidence available. In the early to mid nineteenth century a scientist named Charles Darwin proposed a theory that broke the away from the common threads of reasoning that looked to deity or a higher force intervening with humans. â€Å"Darwin’s proposition was labeled Natural Selection, or more commonly referred to as The Survival of the Fittest. Charles Darwin proposed that living beings evolve, or chang...

The Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

The Scarlet Letter By: Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter has four main characters, Hester Prynne, the woman accused of Adultery, Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s husband from Amsterdam. They are still married and no one knows that they are. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, the man who Hester committed the crime with, and Pearl. The story takes place in Boston, where Hester is accused of adultery and has to wear the letter A on her chest. Hester receives her punishment on a Scaffold. The Reverend Dimmesdale asked Hester who the other person was that helped her commit the act of adultery with her. Hester doesn’t reply. As Hester is on the Scaffold, she is holding her child, Pearl. After a while they leave Hester on the Scaffold in the hot sun for more than one hour as part of her punishment. Then they took her to jail where she stayed for more than a year. While Hester and Pearl are there, Chillingworth comes into the picture and pretends that he is a doctor and goes to take care of the women and the child. There, Hester and Chillingworth talk about what happened, and asks her who is the father of this child? Hester would not tell the identity of Pearl’s father. When Hester doesn’t say, Chillingworth makes her promise that she will not tell that he is her long last husband. Hester says ye s, but Chillingworth tells Hester that he will stay and he will find out the name of Pearl’s father. Then he leaves Hester and Pearl. One year later, Hester was released from jail. Hester cannot live in town because of what happened, the town people think that Hester is evil. They don’t want her there; they use Hester as an example of what happens when a person commits a sin in the Puritan life. So now Hester lives in the country where she makes cloths in order to make a living for herself. She shows off the wonderful clothing for Pearl. Pearl, at the moment, is the only friend Hester has. Later in the story, Hester goes to take a pair of gloves, which she made, to the governor. She sees the governor outside of the house; he is with Mr. Wilson, Arthur Dimmesdale, and old Roger Chillingworth. When they see her and Pearl, Pearl starts to act up. They walk up to them and say that they are going to take Pearl away from Hester, and make her go to church every morning.

Three Dialogues Between Hylas And Philonous

The dialogues between Hylas and Philonous were written by George Berkeley, who was ordained as a Bishop in Cloyne. He was also a famous idealist and philosopher of the early modern period. His works reflects metaphysical ideas and concepts of idealism. Berkeley had written several books in his lifetime. All of his works reflected his views about life and spirituality as he makes arguments about the existence of things around us. He is very resilient in defending his claim by providing valid supporting evidences to support the argument.He is formulating arguments through proper use of words and concepts. He also made several critiques about the works of other philosophers who doubts in the existence of God. It was evident that Berkeley believes that there is a God, a Supreme Being who is responsible for the things we see. He is responsible for the sensorial qualities of the things around us. He explained the omnipotence of God from an idealist perspective. He made very strong argument s by questioning the nature of our sensory abilities and providing possible hypothesis for this.After making a series of hypotheses, he discarded each one by providing a counter-argument until he comes up with the last hypothesis that there is one capable being that is responsible for everything on Earth including the sensorial faculties of man. During Berkeley’s time, a lot of philosophers like the famous rationalist John Descartes, believed that material things existed even if it is not perceived by the human mind. They argued that the qualities of the object were inherent to the latter with or without human perception.They also believed that the objects around us help us to generate ideas about it as well as attributes. They also argued that human perception could be deceiving because not all concepts that were perceived by the senses were viable. Sometimes what we see in an object is not its real quality. A good example of this perhaps would be a pencil in a glass of wate r wherein a part of a pencil is submerged while the other is not. It can be observed that the submerged part appears to be bigger than the other half. Berkeley did not believe that material things existed. Rather, he believed in immaterialism and idealism.He argued with the apologists of materialism about this. He pointed out that materialism can be explained by the existence things around us through our own ideas but it cannot explain the nature of our ideas through the things around us. Maybe one advantage that Berkeley had at that time that made his argument firm was the fact that nobody could placidly explain to him what a material thing really is. Their description and exposition could not suffice the counter-arguments and inquisition of Berkeley. He believed that material things did not really exist. These were mere products of our senses.He expounded that material things are dependent on our mind and sensory abilities. Without our sensory-neural facilities, there will be no c oncept of things. Thus a material thing would not exist. In his work, â€Å"The Three Dialogues of Hylas and Philonous, in opposition to Skeptics and Atheists† Berkeley made a direct attack on the supporters of materialism by juxtaposing the claims of the materialist and his counter arguments. He used fictitious characters in this work in the likeness of Hylas and Philonous to explain his views about the perception of things and how these could be attributed to skepticism and atheism.He expressed his ideas on the words of Philonius, a character in his work, as he was conversing with Hylas, the character that represents the advocate of materialism. In the preface of his work, Berkeley explained that if the inferences he made would be validated, the concept of atheism and skepticism will no longer be applicable. He believes that if his ideas were applied, there will be a re-evaluation in the principles of science. The pointless part should be omitted keeping those that are plai n. The complex rationale for the things around us will be simplified.Also, he explained that instead of using paradox and ambiguous statement, man could simply apply plain common sense to explain the things around him. In the three dialogues of Philonous and Hylas, Berkeley used simple examples using the qualities that we perceive through our senses such as colors, sweetness of sugar, hot and cold and a lot more to support his inference that the qualities of material things does not exist per se. It is perceived through our senses and we associate the qualities. He even commented on the use of a microscope to see the qualities of things not visible in the unaided eye.I would like to share a particular scenario to illustrate my understanding of Berkeley’s views and how he inferred that materialism could lead to atheism and skepticism. As I was reading the lengthy debate of Hylas and Philonous, a particular instance came to my mind. What if three people were left in an isolated region with no initial knowledge of the common qualities of things? To intricate further, one of them could be considered color blind but can hear, the other can hear as well but could not see anything, and the third cannot hear sound but has normal vision. How do they describe a yellow chirping bird for example?Maybe in the perspective of the first person, it is a gray bird chirping. The second person perhaps might not have any ideas that there is a yellow bird but he could describe that he could hear a chirping sound, not exactly from a bird. The last one, however, could see a yellow bird with its beak moving, but there is no sound. Considering their three accounts, how would they know the real qualities attributed to the bird? Is the bird really yellow or is it gray? Does it really chirp or does it simply move its beak, or is there really a bird or is it just a chirping sound?In that example, who describes the most accurate qualities of the bird? How would the third person infer that he sees the correct color because he is normal if there are only three of them with different descriptions? Is it suffice hitherto to conclude that qualities of the materials are inherent to the subject with our without our perception if these qualities differ from one person to another? What if half of the world’s population had congenital color blindness and claims that the leaves of the trees are brown while the other half claims it is green.How can the latter defend that the leaves are green if the former does not have any concept of what the color green is? What then is the real color of the leaves? Is it brown or is it green? What then is the inherent color of the leaves with or without man’s perception and how can we prove it? How can we say that everything that we perceive is the inherent quality of that object? I believe that the scenario was as the same as what Berkeley wanted to point out. In this dialogue, Philonous enlightened Hylas about his percept ion on material things.Hylas believed that we cannot dissociate a characteristic of material to a material. We cannot say that a sugar will no longer be sweet just because we do not perceive it as sweet. However, if we are going to look for the history of sweetness as one of the characteristics of sugar, it will be easier to infer that this observation was based on the consensus of the people who tasted sugar. It was perceived by our taste buds. A lot of people sharing the same opinion established the authenticity in the statement that sugar is sweet. What if we could not taste sugar, does that mean that it is no longer sweet?If our taste buds failed to savor the sweetness in the chocolate bar that we are eating, does that mean that the chocolate bar is no longer sweet? However, one interesting argument that Berkeley laid through Philonous was that if it is true that qualities are innate to the object per se, why does food taste bitter to others while sweet to some? If our perceptua l rationale is arbitrary, how can we establish the fact that the characteristics of an object around us akin to the object? What will that characteristics be? How can we prove that objects would exist with or without us?I would admit that the challenging enigma that Berkeley posed in this dialogue is quite tedious to refute. I agree with Berkeley as he opposed the idea that the qualities of an object are inherent to the object with or without our perception of it because we have different perspectives. Our concepts of things are provisory on our capacity to view things. We cannot think of the unthinkable, of something that goes beyond our capacity to think. Also, on the Third Dialogue, Hylas asks Philonous about the story of creation wherein Moses described the creation of corporeal things, the sun, the moon, the plants and animals.These were not mere ideas existing only in the mind. These are tangible things. Hylas challenged Philonous on how he could make his claims consistent to the account stated in the story of Creation. Philonous defense was to define what he meant by ideas. Ideas are not fictitious. According to Philonous, ideas are based on the things perceived by the senses. Any object that could not be perceived by the senses could not be considered ideas or beyond human thought that it will be impossible to draw even a visual representation are not ideas. Thus, his claim is cohesive with the theories of creation because we can perceive these things.What Philonous disapproves is the fact that material things exist by itself with its characteristics distinct. In the last part of the third dialogue, Hylas was convinced with the explanation of Philonous. They made inferences and juxtaposed their claims and the notions of the materialist philosopher and their rationale for the claim. They inferred that matterare things that are perceived by the mind and its qualities are not akin to itself but on our perception of it. It is a common knowledge but through the philosophies introduced by other scholars seemed makes it more intricate.His main goal is to unite the â€Å"concept that the things we are the real things and these are ideas which exists only in the boundaries of our minds. † Berkeley believes that the principle of materialism could lead to skepticism and atheism because something beyond the capacity of our mind, we tend to conceptualize a material world without the sovereign of God. In my opinion, what the author wanted to say was that the moment we believe that a thing would exist by itself independent of our perception would imply that a material world could be expected to run without God.It would lead us to believe that material things exist the way they are and there are no spiritual being causing those things to happen. On the last part of the dialogue, Philonous connoted that some philosophers had the tendency to become skeptics and atheist with formulation of scientific and mathematical principles and of things with no empirical content. It should not be the case; the principles of science should not be a paradox to the existence of God. By believing that things exist beyond our perception is an outright denial that God does not exist.It is embracing the notion that things are just the way they and there is nobody that controls it. In the last part, he used the fountain as an example. Water was able to rise and fall because of gravity. This principle made others skeptics when in fact this could simply be explained in a lighter sense. Our perception makes us aware of the gifts God has endowed in our world, its existence is under the providence of God. Thus, thinking what our minds cannot conceive and our senses cannot perceive could led us to doubt that God is the cause of all these things. This skepticism in the long run could lead to denial of God

Organic Chemistry Essay

For the cycloalkanes, one hydrogen atom has to be removed from each end of the hydrocarbon chain, therefore resulting to a deficit of two hydrogen atoms unlike in the case of alkanes. What is the three dimensional structure of methane? Why? Methane represents a tetrahedral structure. This is because the structure permits the orbitals to be as far apart and the hydrogen atoms directed to the corners of the tetrahedron when the carbon is bonded to four other atoms Name one structural and one chemical difference between acetylene and ethylene. Give reasons. Acetylene has a carbon to carbon triple bond whereas ethylene has a carbon to carbon double bond. Acetylene is made by high temperatures partial oxidation of methane while ethylene is made from the hydration of ethane What is the formula of 1, 3-butadiene? CH2==CH  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ CH==CH2 Why is benzene much less reactive than 1, 3, 5-cyclohexatriene? Benzene has a carbon to carbon double bound that is alternating and strongly attracted to another therefore making it unable to undergo an additional reaction like 1, 3, 5-cyclohexatriene who’s covalent bonds allows it to undergo an additional reaction. Why is the benzene molecule represented as â€Å"a flat cyclohexane with a ring inside? † Benzene has alternating double bounds that are usually in rotation in its structure Why do cis and trans isomeric compounds exhibit different properties? In cis isomeric compounds the methyl groups are located o the same side of the molecule while in trans isomers the methyl group are locate on the opposite sides. This in return indicates that the polarity of trans isomeric compounds is canceled out as compared to that of cis isomeric compounds. What is the difference between hydration and hydrogenation reactions? Hydration involves an addition reaction where water is used as the hydrant while hydrogenation involves a reducing reaction where hydrogen is used. Reference Robert Thornton Morrison. (1996). Organic chemistry sixth edition Morrison new jersey

Case Study of Bata Ltd Essay

Bata Ltd. is a privately owned global shoe manufacturer and retailer headquartered in Ontario, Canada. The company is led by a third generation of the Bata family. With operations in 68 countries, Bata is organized into four business units. Bata Canada, based in Toronto, serves the Canadian market with 250 stores. Based in Paris, Bata Europe serves the European market with 500 stores. With supervision located in Singapore, Bata International boasts 3,000 stores to serve markets in Africa, the Pacific, and Asia, Finally, Bata Latin America, operating out of Mexico City, sells footwear throughout Latin America. All told, Bata owns more than 4,700 retail stores and 46 production facilities. Total employment for the company exceeds 50,000. Company Founded in 1894 The Bata family’s ties to shoemaking span more than two dozen generations and purportedly date as far back as 1580 to the small Czech village of Zlin. However, it was not until 1894 that the family began to make the transition from cobblers to industrialists. In that year, Tomas G. Bata, Sr. along with his brother Antonin and sister Anna, took 800 florins, some $350, inherited from their mother and launched a shoemaking business. They rented a pair of rooms, acquired two sewing machines on an installment plan, and paid for their leather and other materials with promissory notes. They produced stitched, coarse-woolen footwear. Within a year, the business was successful enough to enable the Batas to employ ten people in their factory, such as it was, as well as another forty who worked out of their own homes. In the same year, 1895, Antonin was drafted into the military and Anna quit the business to get married, forcing Tomas to assume complete control of the venture. He was just 19 years old. In 1900, Bata moved the operation to a new building located close to Zlin’s railway station and took the first major step in industrialization, installing steam-driven machines. The company enjoyed success producing light, linen footwear that appealed to a large portion of the population, who could not afford better-made leather shoes. Nevertheless, Bata came close to bankruptcy on more than one occasion and concluded that in order for his business to survive he needed to find more efficient ways to manufacture and distribute shoes. In 1904, he and three employees took a trip to the United States to learn firsthand the ways of mass production. Bata spent six months working as a laborer on a shoe assembly line in New England. On his way back to Zlin, he also took time to visit English and German factories. Upon his return home, Bata began to transform the family shoe business, not only by applying the latest production techniques–which would one day earned him the moniker, â€Å"the Henry Ford of the shoe industry†Ã¢â‚¬â€œbut also by finding a way to preserve the role of workers, which all too often changed dramatically during the transition from an artisan to an industrial approach to commerce. The Bata shoe business began to experience steady growth, so that by 1912 it was employing 600 full-time workers plus another few hundred who worked out of their homes in neighboring villages. Tomas Bata now began to exhibit another side to his personality, the social idealist. Because there was a shortage of housing in Zlin for his new workers, he constructed new homes, which he rented at cost. He also offered inexpensive meals in factory cafeterias and free medical care. He even built a new hospital to care for his workers. However, as soon as they began to earn higher incomes, area merchants raised prices. In answer, Tomas Bata opened his own less-expensive company stores to ensure that his employees were able to enjoy the fruits of their success. He also took steps to identify management talent among the ranks of his workers and instituted a training program that was ahead of its time. World War I Boot Contract a Turning Point Bata received a major boost in 1914, following the outbreak of World War I, when the company received a contract to produce boots for the Austro-Hungarian army. From the waste of these items, the company produced the uppers to a wooden shoe that it sold to the lower classes. Tomas Bata then invested the profits in new machinery, as well as in the opening of new retail shops, so that the business was well positioned to take advantage of the economic boom of the 1920s. Before the company could enjoy this strong period of growth, however, Tomas Bata and his employees were forced to take a major gamble together. In the years immediately following the end of World War I in 1918, an economic slump prevailed across the globe, leading to significant unemployment. Czechoslovakia, formed as part of the peace settlement of World War I, attempted to fight inflation, which had already devastated Germany, by adopting tight monetary controls. As a result, the country’s currency lost three-quarters of its value, which in turn led to a drop in demand for products, a cutback in production, more unemployment, and even less consumer demand–developments that together threatened national economic devastation. In August 1922, a group of industrialists met to discuss their plight. Unlike the others, Tomas Bata did not simply throw up his hands and blame the government. Instead, he called on the industrialists to take decisive steps to stimulate market demand, and he shocked everyone by announcing that he was going to cut the price of Bata shoes in half. Once the surprise of the moment wore off, Bata’s audience simply laughed at him. Bata was able, however, to convince his workers that he had a plan, albeit a radical one, that would work. He believed that the company had to cut costs to the bone and work at peak efficiency in order to halve the price of Bata shoes. Workers, ignoring their union leadership, accepted a 40 percent reduction in wages across the board. Tomas Bata, in turn, provided food, clothing, and other necessities at half-price to mitigate the loss of wages. In addition, he introduced measures that were pioneering, including the creation of individual profit centers and incentive payments to both management and workers to spur productivity. With his operations lean and efficient, he then launched a national advertising campaign. The response from consumers was swift and dramatic, as Bata stores, which had been virtually empty for months, were now swamped with customers looking for inexpensive shoes. Bata was forced to increase production, and not only did the company maintain full employment, it began to hire. The decision to cut prices proved to be a turning point in the history of the company, which now grew at a tremendous pace. Tomas Bata continued to innovate, improving on productivity primarily through the introduction of an assembly line approach. After five years, productivity improved 15-fold; after ten, the retail price of Bata shoes dropped by 82 percent. The employees’ faith in Tomas Bata was also rewarded. After accepting a severe wage cut in 1922, by 1932 they had seen their salaries doubled. They were now working for the largest shoemaker in the world. According to company lore, in fact, in some developing countries â€Å"bata† gained currency where there was no word for â€Å"shoe. † Moreover, Bata became involved in a variety of other industries, including socks, leatherwork, chemicals used in leather making, shoemaking machinery, wooden packing crates, tires and other rubber goods. The company launched its own film studio to produced advertising materials, and it soon evolved into a full-fledged enterprise that produced some of the earliest animated films. Because of the company’s involvement in transportation, as Bata became the world’s largest exporter of shoes, Tomas Bata even became involved in the manufacture of airplanes through the Zlin Air Company, which produced both sporting and business planes. He also became famous for housing his headquarters in the tallest reinforced concrete office building in Europe, which featured an elevator that housed his â€Å"floating office. † With a push of a button, Bata was able to confer, and keep an eye on, his employees on every floor without leaving his desk. Bata established operations in new markets, such as Singapore in 1930. The company, which in 1931 adopted a joint stock company form of organization, also established subsidiaries and shoe factories in a number of European countries as a way to circumvent tariffs that had been imposed in response to a worldwide economic depression. In mid-1932, Tomas Bata called together his team of executives and announced that in order for the company to weather increasingly difficult economic conditions and drive further growth, they would have to look to more distant markets, in particular North America. Just two days later, however, Tomas Bata was killed when an airplane he was in took off in a thick fog and crashed into a chimney of one of his buildings. He was 56 years old. Bata left a 22-year-old son, Thomas J. Bata, whom he had groomed since childhood to one day head the business, but in the meantime Bata’s half-brother Jan took over and continued the mentoring process. It was Thomas Bata who was to be dispatched to North America, to which the company was already exporting shoes, to establish a manufacturing operation. While most executives in the organization lobbied for the United States as the location for a plant, the young Bata was fixated on locating the business in Canada, a place he had romanticized since childhood after reading the works of Jack London. With the rise of Nazi Germany in the 1930s, the importance of organizing a North American operation took on increasing importance, as the company now made plans to relocate its headquarters to the West. In March 1939, with Germany on the verge of invading his country, Thomas Bata fled to Canada along with 180 Czechoslovakians. After being granted permission from the Canadian government, he started up operations in Frankford, Ontario, taking over a former Canadian Paper Company mill while a new factory was built. To aid in the Allied war effort, the company focused its personnel and equipment on the production of anti-aircraft equipment and machines used to inspect ammunition. For his part, Jan Bata moved his headquarters to the United States, but when blacklisted by the Allies he was forced to relocate to Brazil. The Bata Shoe Organization, as it was called, was now split between uncle and nephew, resulting in an eventual contest for management control and ownership. Thomas Bata essentially prevailed in 1949, but the contest continued to be played out in the courts of numerous countries until the end of 1966. The return of Bata operations lost to the Nazis was short lived after World War II. In 1945, the communist government installed in Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Union had nationalized the country’s industry, usurping the original Bata shoe factory in Zlin and the company’s far-flung network of shops. Even Zlin’s name was changed, becoming known as Gottwaldov, a tribute to the country’s first communist president. ) Bata was further stripped of assets as other countries, including East Germany, Poland, and Yugoslavia, also nationalized their shoe industries. Now based in the West, Bata and its many Czechoslovakian expatriates began to rebuild the business, taking on an almost missionary zeal in the process. Rather than organizing in a centralized manner, the company established a structure based on autonomous operations, primarily in the new markets of developing countries. Also following the war, Thomas Bata married an aspiring architect named Sonja, a woman who would play an influential role in the success of the company, supplementing her husband’s manufacturing and sales expertise with a sense of design and style. By the mid-1950s, Bata was operating 56 factories in 46 countries. Thirty years later, Bata was in 115 countries, selling close to $2 billion worth of footwear each year through 6,000 company-owned stores and 120,000 independent retailers. Bata Shoes Returns to the Czech Republic in 1991 In the 1970s and 1980s, the manufacture of shoes began to shift increasingly to Pacific Rim countries, where lower labor costs provided a competitive edge that proved devastating to shoe companies around the world. With its widely cast operations and well-established distribution network, Bata was better able to compete, but it too suffered from a softening in its business. With the fall of communism in the late 1980s, Bata was able to return to the country where the family business was founded. The company was not able to resume ownership of its prior assets, which has been combined with other Czech shoe operations, nor did Bata wish to be encumbered with facilities that the communists had neglected for more than 40 years. Nevertheless, Thomas Bata was committed to establishing a business in his native country. After some study, the management team elected to focus on a retail distribution business and a modest manufacturing facility, one that was not part of the old Bata operation. A small factory established by the communist regime was found acceptable, and the company then selected a number of retail locations, which would total a 20 percent market share, and presented the government with a joint venture proposal that was accepted in late 1991. Thomas Bata, at the age of 80, elected to retire in 1994. His son, Thomas Bata, Jr. , had been serving as president since 1985. According to The Globe and Mail, Thomas, Jr. â€Å"took over at a time when the international shoe maker was experiencing heightened competition from strong global marketers. The movement toward free trade challenged its network of quasi-autonomous national companies. Mr. Bata tried to make changes, but insiders says he lost the support of key members of the board. † He was widely expected to succeed his father, but to the surprise of many, Stanley Heath, a Canadian with considerable executive experience with RJR Nabisco, took over as president and CEO to assume the day-to-day running of the business, while the younger Bata assumed the chairmanship, ostensibly charged with focusing on the â€Å"big picture. He soon left the family business and moved to Switzerland. His father, with a reputation as an autocrat, was slated to become honorary chairman, but the post proved to be far from ceremonial, as he continued to be involved in the company’s operations on a day-to-day basis and was not reticent about letting management know his opinions. Little more than a year after coming to Bata, Heath resigned for â€Å"personal and family reasons. â⠂¬  Taking over for Heath was a loyal company man, Rino Rizzo, who had been with the Bata organization since 1969. In 1999, Bata brought in Jim Pantelidis, an executive who had no experience in the shoe industry, to assume the CEO position. Pantelidis’s background was in retail gasoline sales, and during his career he had worked for one of Canada’s largest chains, Petro-Canada Corporation. Pantelidis instituted a plan to develop regional shoe lines, as opposed to lines created for individual countries. In addition, he wanted to create economies of scale by building regional infrastructures. The goal was to use the regional infrastructures to position the Bata brand on a global basis. The tenure of Pantelidis lasted just two years. In late 2001, Thomas Bata, Jr. returned, gained control of the business, and was named chairman and CEO, while Pantelidis left to â€Å"pursue other challenges. † Bata began to reorganize the company, essentially running the business out of Switzerland. It remained to be seen if he would be able to succeed where outsiders had failed in the effort to transform Bata from a federation of stand-alone local subsidiaries into a truly international company. Principal Subsidiaries: Bata Canada; Bata Europe; Bata International; Bata Latin America. Principal Competitors: Footstar, Inc. ; Jimlar Corporation; Payless ShoeSource, Inc. Product Profile: Legendary quality, trend-setting styles, and a tradition of innovation that goes back to 1894. For more than 100 years, the Bata brand has offered the best shoe at the best price. With contemporary and classic styles, the Bata collection has shoes and accessories for active men and women who appreciate great design and understand the meaning of value. Everyday shoes that look good and feel even better; nobody knows shoes better than Bata. Bata Ambassador Combining Italian design with handcrafted detail and the highest quality leather, Bata’s premium Ambassador brand sets the standard for European footwear. And its trend-setting style doesn’t sacrifice comfort. The Ambassador offers a flexible genuine leather upper, a leather lining to absorb moisture, and a polyurethane sole for a firm grip. A contemporary classic for the man who knows where he’s going. Combining great-looking style and design with the latest technology, Bata Benefit offers the ultimate in healthful comfort for men and women. Developed at Bata’s Shoe Innovation Centre in Europe, the Benefit collection breaks new ground in shoe design, exceeding the expectations of even the most discriminating customers. From sporty and casual to elegant and formal, From Bata Flexible, Bata Antistatic to Bata Air System, all Benefit shoes are made with high-quality leather and Bata’s trademark precision.