Communication Apprehension Essay - 2931 Words

To function effectively in today’s society people must communicate with one another. Yet for some individuals communication experiences are so unrewarding that they either consciously or unconsciously avoid situations where communication is required. (McCroskey Richmond, 1979) The term ‘communication apprehension’ was coined by James McCroskey (1976a) and is defined as â€Å"an individual’s level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons† (McCroskey, 1984). In the last two decades communication apprehension and related constructs, such as reticence and unwillingness to communicate, have received extensive research and theoretical attention by scholars in communication and†¦show more content†¦This construct was an attempt to look beyond the concepts of CA and reticence (as it was perceived at the time) and along with fear and anxiety, considers low self esteem, introversion, a nomia and alienation. â€Å"Thus this construct can be viewed as intermediary between CA and the contemporary view of reticence. More simply, reticence is concerned with people who do not communicate effectively; unwillingness-to-communicate is concerned with one of the reasons that people may not do so (i.e., they do not want to); and, [although it is highly associated with ineffective communication], CA is concerned with one of the reasons that people may be unwilling-to-communicate.† (McCroskey, 1982, p.4) Types of Communication Apprehension A person may be apprehensive in one situation but not in another. Additionally, as communication does not confine itself to just talk, a person may, for example, be apprehensive about communicating by engaging in talk but feel quite comfortable about writing. McCroskey Richmond (1987) identify four types of communication apprehension: traitlike, context based, receiver based, and situational. Traitlike CA concerns mainly oral communication and refers to a relatively stable and enduring predisposition of an individual towards experiencing fear and/or anxiety across a wide range of communication contexts. Context basedShow MoreRelatedCommunication Apprehension and Social Change1547 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of communication apprehension is extremely broad, and the topic of social change is just as broad, if not more so. When the two topics are combined, it is a chance to twist the elements and take a deeper look into how they coincide. It is e vident through research, as well as a commonly shared idea, that communication apprehension has decreased and decreases authentic self-expression in most cases. Communication researchers, as well as psychology researchers, have put in long, hard hoursRead MoreCommunication Apprehension And Learning Styles1837 Words   |  8 Pagesresearch I came across an article written by Dr. Travis L. Russ professor of Communications and Media Management at Fordham University in New York about communication apprehension and learning styles. In this article Dr. Russ says that there is a coloration between people with high communication apprehension and learning better from reflective work and thinking, while people with a lower amount of communication apprehension prefer to do direct experiments (Russ, 2012). When I share things that I amRead MoreDifference Between Nervousness And Communication Apprehension882 Words   |  4 PagesKnowledge What is the difference between nervousness and communication apprehension? Communication apprehension can be defined as an individual’s fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with others, while nervousness before a speech is simply the feeling you get when your body produces more adrenaline due to your anticipated performance. The key difference is that nervousness is natural and communication apprehension is more closely related to anxiety. Application As youRead MorePreparing and Facilitating A Successful Debate Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pageswork together, equip the team to work effectively therefore improving performance however if team members are unable to deliver an argument to an audience with confidence due to communication apprehension, the speaker’s credibility will be lessened therefore the message will be less persuasive and the intended communication goal may not be achieved. A debate that took place at the University of the Sunshine Coast on 24 May 2011 will be used as a case study to argue that both team processes and preparationRead MoreThis Essay Will Be Discussing The Forms Of Communication1513 Words   |  7 Pagesthe forms of communication applicable to the career path of my choice. Since I have an interest in ancient history and have always held an appreciation for museums my chosen career is museum curatorship which will have several forms of necessary communication, however, I have chosen to focus o n three specific areas. Firstly, professional communication, secondly techniques to overcome communication barriers (cognitive restructuring and systematic desensitisation) and thirdly, communication techniquesRead MoreEffective Communication Practices1178 Words   |  5 PagesEffective Communication Practices Communication is defined as â€Å"the transfer and understanding of meaning† (Robbins Judge, 2013) and is the foundation of every relationship. There are four main reasons for communication in business. They are to control, motivation, emotional expression and information (Robbins Judge, 2013). Without effective communication the sharing of ideas, information, feelings and questions cannot be completed. There is a process to communication and when the process is brokenRead MoreThe Uncertainty Reduction Theory Of Uncertainty1395 Words   |  6 Pagesas strangers engage in their first conversation when communication uncertainties are bound to occur. When strangers encounter for the first time, they are worried about the increasing certainty to make sense of their first communication occurrence even before the actual communication process takes place. When strangers have a first-time occurrence of communicating, their conversation is just trying to make sense of their initial communication occurrence. Berger and Calabrese (1975) studied theRead MoreCommunication Is The Key Important Skills That A Person Can Possess1280 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication is undoubtedly one of the most important skills that a person can possess. Interpersonal communication is the way we express our thoughts, feelings, and ideas to the people around us. Interpersonal communication is something you need to do well as it affects many aspects of your life. It is also a learned skill that can be improved with knowledge, self awareness and practice. In order to be a good communicator we must continually analyze our level of interpersonal communication competenceRead MoreLDR 531 Week 3 Quiz Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagesthe employees in the marketing department. Which of the following is most likely to be the best form of communication for communicating this plan? Oral communication Grapevine communication Written communication Nonverbal communication 5 The ________ view of conflict focuses on productive resolution of conflicts. transactional managed interactionist rational 6 The informal communication network in an organization is determined by organization based on clear and factual information characterizedRead MoreConcepts of Communication 1138 Words   |  5 Pageswith our purpose whatever it might be. We all have our own communication style, way to listen, communication apprehension, and our way to resolve conflict. Therefore, I will elaborate in those concepts with my own personal experience and understanding about them. There are four different styles of communication private, dominant, sociable, and open. After taking a style survey I was surprise to know I belong to the open style communication. Open style is a person that response back other’s messages

Essay on Create Your Own School - 1847 Words

A public schools’ job is to create a standardized environment for students of the general population; however, public schools don’t always meet the needs of the students. Charter schools exist to meet the needs of the students and are more open to parental involvement and local control over state and bureaucracies’ control. However, â€Å"charter schools may deter some minority, poor, and working families from seeking enrollment by requiring them to complete volunteer hours and failing to provide transportation and free lunches to eligible students† (Schnaiberg 2000). My school I create will take the benefits of public schools and the benefits of charter schools to create an emphasis on individual learning and respect for cultural diversity.†¦show more content†¦Students are expected to behave, strive for excellence, respect others, have a good character, and be willing to learn, while the faculty is expected to do the same. â€Å"Most charter s chools do not require their teachers to be certified† (Borsa 1999). However, my school requires all teachers K-5th to hold a Teaching Credential and a Masters Degree and teachers 6th-12th are required to hold a Masters or Doctoral Degree in the area they teach. My school promotes a healthy life style, school uniforms, and parent involvement. Parents are required to pay one fee that covers all school material, lunches, schools uniforms, field trips, and other necessary items. The food at my school, which is free, and healthy, that means no soft drinks, cookies, candy, chips, or any other junk food; all birthdays at school will be celebrated without unhealthy food. Parents are encouraged to eat healthy and show students healthy life styles. Students are required to wear a school uniform, a short-sleeved tee shirt with school logo and black pants/shorts/dress/skirt or for formal attire is long-sleeved shirt and black pants/shorts /dress/skirt. The shirt will have a color to represent a grade: Pre-K: Pink, K: Purple 1st: Blue, 2nd: Turquoise, 3rd: Green, 4th: Light Green, 5th: Yellow, 6th: Orange, 7th: Red, 8th: Maroon, 9th: Brown, 10th: Black, 11th: Gray, and 12th: White. Like the school uniform, backpacks will be in the color of the school u niform and have the studentsShow MoreRelatedA) What Are the Most Important Factors That Determine the Learning Experience of School/College Students in Your Subject?1200 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment Question 1 A) What are the most important factors that determine the learning experience of school/college students in your subject? You should analyse both relevant literature and your school/college observations in compiling your response. There are many important factors that determine the learning experience of the students I have observed, each one with there own degree of effectiveness. Some of these factors include cognitive and conative learning, the material being studiedRead MoreThe Arts Is An Essential Part Of The Human Brain1535 Words   |  7 Pagesan essential part in the development of the human brain. Not only is art important in schools, but in all of society as well. The arts are a necessity to society because they encourage energy and creativity and help to encourage students to be creative, flexible, and to express themselves. Arts cannot be learned just by occasional exposure. The arts need to be taught in school and also practiced outside of school. Not only does art stimulate our brain, it also helps with establishing a process andRead MoreWhat Does It Take?746 Words   |  3 PagesIf you want to learn how to draw, you don t just want know how to do nice drawings, and you don t want to learn how to copy somebody else s drawings. You want to create great drawings of your very own, don t you? So what does it take? It actually takes less magic than most people think. I don t know who started the myth that only a few especially talented people can learn how to draw. There are even some art teachers out there who believe that. But if you learned how to draw the alphabetRead MoreDaily Schedule Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pagesyou will be able to create a schedule that best fits your family needs, include key factors when scheduling you students daily activities, understand how to effectively manage multiple students schedules. Virtual school gives Learning Coaches the flexibility to organize their schedules to fit their children’s needs and their family’s lifestyle. There is no right or wrong schedule, but just like students who attend a brick and mortar school, students learn best when the school day is well plannedRead MoreStudent s Funds Of Knowledge Essay1739 Words   |  7 Pagesorder for teachers to create a learning environment that is culturally responsive to each individual student, a teacher must learn the student’s funds of knowledge. The importance of learning the funds of knowledge of your students is crucial. A teacher can approach learning more about a student’s prior knowledge and culture in a variety of ways, including, instructing personal interviews with questions about their personal life such as what are the most important things in your life. Another way toRead MoreI Will Never Forget The Dream Job1500 Words   |  6 Pageslove to be a five star chef and own my own restaurant. Being a chef is having your own restaurant and a reason to cook. â€Å"A late 20th century movement that began in California but has spread across the United States; it stresses the use of fresh, locally grown, seasonal produce and high-quality ingredients simply prepared in a fashion that preserves and emphasizes natural flavors.† (Labensky, Hause, Martel 6),Culinary Periods. . N.p., n.d. Web..You have your own restaurant show that you work hardRead MoreEmployment: Education and Students Essay622 Words   |  3 PagesStudents what to know they have the support of an adult faulty member with whom they can trust and build a positive solid relationship with and I think all these key factors help to create an outstanding student support service. 2. Please identify and describe any significant differences you would promote in a school which a majority of the students are African-American and Hispanic/Latino. I would promote a program where African Americans and Hispanic/Latino both have the opportunity to learnRead MoreThe World Of Art When I Was A Young Boy1606 Words   |  7 Pagesearning in my society. As I grew older, my passion for design grew stronger. I wanted to find out how things were done, I was curious how they were able to make graphics move. With my O Levels results in hand, I enrolled into a fairly decent art school. 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They do not want to send their child away, but they feel they must, because they want to create a stable and better life for their family. When working with families in similar situations, you must allow the various family members to tell their story to you and each other. When working with children, you are not solely working with them, but also their family. It is your responsibility to develop a relationship with the parents and keep in mind their needs and concerns. Several

Consumer Behaviour and Market Segmentation

Questions: 1.What kinds of things have Harley-Davidson done well with its Harley Owners Group (H.O.G.) program to create an extraordinary customer experience that is unique and valuable to its members?2.To enlarge its customer base, what kinds of things would you recommend Harley-Davidson do to cultivate long-term relationships with a younger audience, e.g., aged 18-34? Answers: Introduction The Harley-Davidson is synonymous with a special type of individual- one who values his individualism and appreciates its uniqueness. Given the circumstances, it goes by extension that not everyone is a potential owner of a Harley-Davidson. The HOG program aims at rewarding such individuals with an unique brotherhood of likeminded persons. The extraordinary customer experience that they enjoy is the focus of this case study. The company is also looking at growing its customer base by tapping into the market segment 18-34. Towards this end, the company is looking at cultivating a long term relationship with them. The measures that have been adopted are also discussed here. 1. The HOG refers to the Harley Davidson sponsored riding club that fosters a sense of brotherhood among the owners of this beautiful and powerful bike. The owners may come from different walks of life, yet share a common passion- individualism and freedom (Fller and Matzler, 2008). This is the underlying trait in every Harley Davidson owner and the HOG embodies this very same ideology across all countries where it has a presence (Schlegelmilch, 2016). In fact the HOG can be linked to a special kind of marketing technique being used by Harley Davidson to foster comradeship among this elite group. The company achieves this through the various events it conducts all year round as well as the more personalized relationship that it maintains through effective use of social media as well as the traditional face to face approach (Catulli, Cook and Potter, 2016). The process of building an extraordinary and unique customer experience starts when an individual purchases this elite vehicle and is offered a free year long membership with the HOG. This is a typical method of allowing him or her to test the waters and see what the riding club has to offer its members. After participating in the various activities like local charity events or joining in for both short as well as destination rides, most of the Harley Owners are keen on continuing to be part of HOG. The renewal of the HOG membership also allows them several benefits as well as discounts! The fierce sense of brand loyalty and brotherhood is part of the HOG program by Harley Davidson (Catulli, Cook and Potter, 2016). The community is a close-knit one and can easily count on each member to look out for the others in the group. The members of HOG share a passion for individualism and uniqueness as well as the high level of competitive spirit and commitment that is as much a part their character as it is of Harleys brand image. The destination rides are perhaps the most effective marketing tool used by the brand. This strategy has stood the test of time as man and machine come together to put themselves against all odds and achieve the challenges set for the day. The riders look forward to the exhilarating experience as they leave their daily struggles and day to-day worries behind and loose themselves in the cheerful friendships that do not question them but rather act as an invisible support to help them achieve glorious heights! 2. Like all companies and brands looking at driving sales, Harley-Davidson to is exploring various possibilities while it tries to make inroads into the younger audience. This target group lies within the age of 18 to 34. The interesting fact that separates them from the other groups already enjoying the Harley-Davidson experience is the relative lack of disposable income in their hands! In other words, these are individuals who share the same sense of uniqueness, individualism and competitive sprit as their seniors; yet lack the finances to become the proud owners of this legendary bike. The brand has, however, not tweaked the prices of the legendary bike, but has implemented changes to make it look more sleek and subtle. This is an unsaid, yet clear message that the brand delivers this new target market. It clearly says that while the brand is ready to make modifications the potential owners would love, they are not ready to lower prices and have this elite group overrun with all kinds of persons (Khr et al., 2016). The individual who wishes to be part of this elite circle must prove himself worthy of this claim by clearly proving his uniqueness and individualism (Divett, Crittenden and Henderson, 2003). The brand needs to consider STP (Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning) while looking at exploring the identified target market, so as to not only augment sales but also to significantly improve its customer base (Ouwersloot and Odekerken?Schrder, 2008). The first steps taken by the company in this regard are worth a mention. The interaction through social media is ideal to engage this market segment as they are internet savvy and tend to spend a considerable part of the say on various social media sites. By positioning a unique version of the original bike, Harley-Davidson has also clearly indicated their agenda of looking at this market segment through a different perspective (Paul, 2010). The idea of the Jump Start program is a great means of giving interested persons among the younger generation a thrilling ride on this graceful and gutsy machine. Recommendation Some of the additional initiatives that can be taken to establish a long term relationship with this group could include inviting a few individuals from the Jump Start program to participate in a short drive or charity event organized by HOG and enjoy the experience firsthand. This would surely kindle the fire that would take them places and make them worthy of being a part of the elite crowd of Harley-Davidson owners. Conclusion The Harley-Davidson and HOG are symbols of a brotherhood sans physical and national boundaries. The members of this elite group enjoy challenges that bring out in them traits like endurance, leadership and brotherhood without consideration of physical or national boundaries. The HOG program is a celebration of this unique brotherhood that has been the envy of those not privy to its membership. Reference List: Bandyopadhyay, S. and Martell, M. (2007). Does attitudinal loyalty influence behavioral loyalty? A theoretical and empirical study. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 14(1), pp.35-44. Catulli, M., Cook, M. and Potter, S. (2016). Product Service Systems Users and Harley Davidson Riders: The Importance of Consumer Identity in the Diffusion of Sustainable Consumption Solutions. Journal of Industrial Ecology. Divett, M., Crittenden, N. and Henderson, R. (2003). Actively influencing consumer loyalty. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 20(2), pp.109-126. Fller, J. and Matzler, K. (2008). Customer delight and market segmentation: An application of the three-factor theory of customer satisfaction on life style groups. Tourism Management, 29(1), pp.116-126. Khr, A., Nyffenegger, B., Krohmer, H. and Hoyer, W. (2016). When Hostile Consumers Wreak Havoc on Your Brand: The Phenomenon of Consumer Brand Sabotage. Journal of Marketing, 80(3), pp.25-41. Ouwersloot, H. and Odekerken?Schrder, G. (2008). Who's who in brand communities and why?. European Journal of Marketing, 42(5/6), pp.571-585. Paul, P. (2010). Consumer Behaviour and Marketing Strategy. 9th ed. Mcgraw Hill Higher Education. Schlegelmilch, B. (2016). Global marketing strategy. 1st ed. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, pp.63-82.

Poters Five Forces Analysis Essay Example

Poters Five Forces Analysis Essay Michel porter(1998) provided a frame work that models an industry as being influenced by five forces. This simple tool that supports strategic understanding where power lies in a business situation. It also help to understand both the firms current competitive position, strength of a position that the company looking to move in to. Five forces diagram in the (Appendices 1. 1). Threat of new entrants: Profitable markets that yield high return will attract new firms. This result in many new entrants, which eventually will decrease profitability for all firms in the industry. Unless the entry of new firms can be blocked by incumbents, the abnormal profit rate will fall towards zero. Though the Honda motors leading the market at the present, its market share was affected by the new entrants Toyota Nissan, in early days. On the other hand Honda struggled when it was tried to land in the European market. Now the threat of new entrants is low because of the high barriers to entry. E. g. cost capital The intensity of competitive rivalry: for most industries this is the major determinant of competitiveness of the industry. it’s based on price, quality innovation. This competitive rivalry is high in Honda motors, because most countries manufacturing own brand vehicle. E. g. maruthi by India. Not only that the international automobile companies are also the competitors for Honda motors. The threat of substitute: We will write a custom essay sample on Poters Five Forces Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Poters Five Forces Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Poters Five Forces Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The existence of products outside of the realm of the common product boundaries increases the propensity of customers to switch to alternatives. Threat of substitute is high for Honda because the availability of non Honda products is in the market. So its lead the customer for more option about the product. Bargaining power of buyers: This means to what degree can customer push the price of new vehicles down. For Honda the bargaining power of buyers is low, because not a huge successful automobile companies in the world. But there are billion of customers for successful automobile companies such Honda as well. But the fact is people like to buy the vehicle which are more fuel-efficient, safe environmentally friendly vehicle. Which is what Honda doing. Bargaining power of suppliers: This is described as the market inputs, suppliers of raw materials, components, labor services to the firm that can be a source of power over the firm, when there are few substitutes. E. g- they may charge high prices for unique resources. For Honda motors bargaining power of suppliers is low, because suppliers relay on the automakers could not manufacture vehicle themselves. More over the raw materials are almost commoditized. To better understand the activities through which a firm develops a competitive advantage creates shareholder value, it is useful to separate the business system in to a series of value generating activities referred to as Value chain. The goal of these activities is to offer the customer a level of value that exceeds the cost of the activities, thereby resulting in the profit margin. Hondas Logistics strategy is JIT(Just-in-time) process. Which mean suppliers ware housing facilities for manufacturing product, finished product distribution are easily to assessable. The reason for this is to maximize cost effectiveness. TDG company is doing the ware housing distribution facilities over 25 years to Honda motors. Honda target market is young generation which are young professionals couples same older couples. They are doing after sales service such as free delivery, guarantee repair services for certain period. Supported activities- Honda motors goal is to maintain organizational structure personal policies in area such as recruitment, training, evaluation assignment that foster a free open atmosphere, encouraging each associate to face new challenges face new successes. What is the technology support to Honda is, they are using 3rd wave distribution soft ware by Blinco system assures parts quality, controls availability provide consistent material pricing. Grade cards for suppliers. Honda trading America is a purchasing group which help the Honda procurement process. This company using a soft ware to provides inventory management, tracks the various type of materials in the system their location, maintain database of customers also providing profit details delivery reports. Honda gain efficiencies in procurement, distribution, production retail. Current technologies used the main technology adopted by Honda in pursuing their e-commerce /e business strategies is the internet. Honda’s organizational structure shows in the diagram. Appendices(1. 3).